Access Control

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Access Control Security System is a security technique that regulates who or what can view or use resources in a computing environment. It is a fundamental concept in security that minimizes risk to the business or organization.

There are two types of Access Control Security systems: physical and logical. Physical Security system access control limits access to campuses, buildings, rooms, and physical IT assets. Logical Security system Access Control limits connections to computer networks, system files, and data.

To secure a facility, organizations use electronic Access Control Security Systems that rely on user credentials, access card readers, auditing, and reports to track employee access to restricted business locations and proprietary areas, such as data centers. Some of these Access Control Security Systems incorporate Access Control Security System panels to restrict entry to rooms and buildings, as well as alarms and lockdown capabilities, to prevent unauthorized access or operations.

Logical Access Control Security performs identification authentication and authorization of users and entities by evaluating required login credentials that can include passwords, personal identification numbers, biometric scans, security tokens, or other authentication factors. Multifactor authentication (MFA), which requires two or more authentication factors, is often an important part of a layered defense to protect access control systems.

Why is Access Control Security System important?

The goal of the Access Control Security System is to minimize the security risk of unauthorized access to physical and logical systems. Access control Security System is a fundamental component of security compliance programs that ensures security technology and Access Control Security System policies are in place to protect confidential information, such as customer data. Most organizations have infrastructure and procedures that limit access to networks, computer systems, applications, files, and sensitive data, such as personally identifiable information and intellectual property.

Access control Security Systems are complex and can be challenging to manage in dynamic IT environments that involve on-premises systems and cloud services. After high-profile breaches, technology vendors have shifted away from single sign-on systems to unified access management, which offers access controls for on-premises and cloud environments.

How Access Control Security System Works

Access controls Security Systems identify an individual or entity, verifies the person or application is who or what it claims to be, and authorizes the access level and set of actions associated with the username or IP address. Directory services and protocols, including Lightweight Directory Access Protocol and Security Assertion Markup Language, provide access controls for authenticating and authorizing users and entities and enabling them to connect to computer resources, such as distributed applications and web servers.

Organizations use different access control models depending on their compliance requirements and the security levels of IT they are trying to protect.

Types of access control

The main models of Access Control Security Systems are the following:

• Mandatory Access Control Security System (MAC). This is a security model in which access rights are regulated by a central authority based on multiple levels of security. Often used in government and military environments, classifications are assigned to system resources and the operating system or security kernel. MAC grants or denies access to resource objects based on the information security clearance of the user or device. For example, Security-Enhanced Linux is an implementation of MAC on Linux.
• Discretionary Access Control Security System (DAC). This is an Access Control method in which owners or administrators of the protected system, data or resource set the policies defining who or what is authorized to access the resource. Many of these systems enable administrators to limit the propagation of access rights. A common criticism of DAC systems is a lack of centralized control.
• Role-based Access Control Security System (RBAC). This is a widely used Access Control Security System mechanism that restricts access to computer resources based on individuals or groups with defined business functions — e.g., executive level, engineer level 1, etc. — rather than the identities of individual users. The role-based security model relies on a complex structure of role assignments, role authorizations, and role permissions developed using role engineering to regulate employee access to systems.RBAC systems
  can be used to enforce MAC and DAC frameworks.
• Rule-based Access Control Security System. This is a security model in which the system administrator defines the rules that govern access to resource objects. These rules are often based on conditions, such as time of day or location. It is not uncommon to use some form of both rule-based access control and RBAC to enforce access policies and procedures.
• Attribute-based Access Control Security System. This is a methodology that manages access rights by evaluating a set of rules, policies, and relationships using the attributes of users, systems, and environmental conditions.

Implementing access control

Access Control Security System is integrated into an organization’s IT environment. It can involve identity management and access management systems. These systems provide access control software, a user database, and management tools for access control policies, auditing, and enforcement.

When a user is added to an access management system, system administrators use an automated provisioning system to set up permissions based on access control frameworks, job responsibilities, and workflows.

The best practice of least privilege restricts access to only resources that employees require to perform their immediate job functions